Environment & Effluent Treatment

This page contains sites providing engineering, consulting and equipment for pulp and paper mill effluent treatment to protect environment.

Typical Paper Industry Operations:
Materials Used and Hazardous Wastes that Might be Generated

Process/Operation	Materials Used	General Types of Waste Generated
Chemical Pulping	Acids/alkalis, lime, sulfurous acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide	Acid/alkaline waste
Bleaching	HCl, Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, NaOH, Sodium Hypochlorous, Cheltin, and Na-hydrosulfite	Toxic wastewater and wastewater treatment sludge, Acid/alkaline waste
Papermaking	Pigments, clay, filler, dyes, fibers, dyes, rosin, alum	Wastewater treatment sludge
Sizing and Starching	Waxes, glues, synthetic resins, hydrocarbons, sosin, alum, AKD,	Toxic waste, including wastewaters add sludge
Coating, Coloring, and Dyeing	Inks, paints, solvents rubbers, dyes, clay, TiO₂	Solvent waste Ink waste Paint waste, Ignitable waste, Toxic waste
Cleaning and Degreasing	Tetrachloroethylene, Trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride	Solvent waste, Toxic rinse water

Some facts and figures by www.paperrecycles.org

By 2012, the paper industry hopes to recover 55 percent of all the paper Americans consume.
The average amount of recycled fiber content in newsprint used by the US newspapers has increased from 10% in 1989 to more than 30% today.
In 2003, the amount of paper recovered for recycling averaged 339 pounds for each man, woman and child in the United States.
Every ton of paper recycled saves more than 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space.
An average household recovers about 45 pounds of newspapers, writing papers, magazines, catalogs, packaging and shipping containers annually.

Some other facts & figures

Nearly 218,000 tons of shredded paper is used each year for animal bedding. (source: American Forest & Paper Association)
Recycling paper uses 60% less energy than manufacturing paper from virgin timber. (source: Environmental Protection Agency)
Recycling office waste paper saves valuable landfill space – 3 cubic yards for every ton of paper recycled – and extends the lives of our landfills. (source: National Office Paper Recycling Project, The United States Conference of Mayors)
Old newspapers are commonly used to make tissue and cardboard, while magazines are often recycled into newspaper. (source: Temperate Forest Foundation)
Each person in the United States consumes approximately 675 pounds of paper per year. (source: Temperate Forest Foundation)
The material that makes up the largest percentage of the waste stream is paper. Businesses use the greatest amount. (source: Browning-Ferris Industries)
Every year, Americans throw away enough office and writing paper to build a wall 12-feet high, stretching from Los Angeles to New York City. (source: Browning-Ferris Industries)
If everyone in the United States recycled one-tenth of their newspapers, we could save about 25 million trees every year. (source: Browning-Ferris Industries)
In the U.S., more than one third of the fiber used to make new paper products comes from recycled paper. (source: American Forest & Paper Association)

Some numbers on waste paper recycling in UK by Department of Trade & Industry

Sites added in 2008
URL updated recently