CHEMICALS USED IN PULP & PAPER MANUFACTURING AND COATING
CHEMICALS USED IN PULP & PAPER MANUFACTURING AND COATING
| Common Name | Chemical Name | Chemical Formula | Used For | Specific Density | Other Characteristics |
| Agalite or Talc | Silicate of Magnesia | MgO-32%, SiO2-62% | It gives paper a greasy or soapy feel. and enables it to take a high finish. | 2.6 - 2.8 | A natural fibrous form of talc, gray in color. |
| AKD | Alkyl Ketene Dimer | C4H4O2 | Sizing | ||
| Alganic Acid | Alganic acid or Na-Alginate | Na-(C6H8O6)n | Coating and surface treatment | ||
| Alum | Sulfate of Alumina | Al2(SO4)3.18H2O | For alkaline sizing along with Rosin | 1.62 | |
| Albarine | Natural Sulfate of Lime | CaSO4.2H2O - 100% | A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials. | 2.4 | |
| Ammonium Bisulfite | Ammonium Bisulfite | NH4HSO3 | Used in sulfite pulping | 2.03 | |
| Ammonium Zirconium Carbonate (AZC) | Ammonium Zirconium Carbonate | CH2O3NH3Zr | Used as in-solubilizer, crosslinker & hardener | 1.36 | AZC is a clear, usually colorless solution, having an odor of ammonia and a pH of approximately 9.5. As a carbonate, it will react with acids, and so should not be used in coating systems below pH 7. In storage, it is stable for up to six months. |
| Anthraquinone | Anthraquinone | C14H8O2 | Added to white liquor (alkaline cooking liquor) to improve pulp yield and to increase the rate of delignification. | 1.44 | yellow crystalline powder |
| Anti-Foam/Defoamer | To prevent foam (anti-foam) or to destroy it once it has formed (defoamer). | Surface active, but highly insoluble in water. | |||
| Asbestine | Silicate of Magnesia | MgO-32%, SiO2-62% | It is used as a loading agent in paper manufacture, particularly for blotting papers and board. | 2.6 - 2.8 | A mineral compound of almost pure fibrous magnesium silicate, which possesses physical characteristics between those of talc and asbestos. |
| APE | Alkylphenol Ethoxylates | CH3(CH2)n(C6H4) (OCH2CH2)m-OH | Used as cleaning agents or surfactants | ||
| ASA | Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride | Sizing | |||
| Barium Sulfate | Barium Sulfate | BaSO4 - 100% | Used as a pigment | 4.2-4.5 | White insoluble powder. |
| Barytes | Barium Sulfate | BaSO4 - 100% | Used as filler | 4.2-4.5 | |
| Blanc Fixe | Barium Sulfate | BaSO4 - 100% | Used as a base for watercolor pigments and as a filler in paper. | 4.2-4.5 | Powdered barium sulfate |
| Calcium Bisulfite | Calcium Bisulfite | Ca(HSO3)2 | Used in Sulfite pulping | ||
| Casein | A milk phosphoprotein | Binder or adhesive in coating formulation | |||
| CMC | Carboxy Methyl Cellulose | Sizing | |||
| Caustic Lye or Caustic Soda or Lye | Sodium Hydroxide | NaOH | Pulping and to maintain pH | ||
| Chalk (Precipitated) | Precipitated Calcium Carbonate | CaCO3 - 100% | Filler particularly with acidic sizing coating pigment | 2.7-2.9 | High Brightness & Opacity |
| Chalk (French or Spanish) | Silicate of Magnesia | 4MgO+5SiO2+H2O; MgO - 33%; SiO2 62% | 2.6-2.9 | A soft white compact talc | |
| China Clay, Kaolin | Hydrated Silicate of Alumina | Al2O3-40%; SiO2-46%; H2O-13% | Filler, Coating | 2.4-2.7 | Brightness 70-90% |
| Chlorine Dioxide | Chlorine Dioxide | ClO2 | In Pulp Bleaching | 2.86 | |
| Chlorine Gas | Chlorine | Cl2 | In Pulp Bleaching and water treatment | 2.86 | |
| Dolomite | Calcium Magnesium Carbonate | CaMg(CO3)2 | Filler, Coating | 2.86 | |
| DTPA | Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetate | C14H33N3O10 | Used for chelation (removal of transition metals from pulp). | ||
| EDTA | Ethylene Diamine Tetra acetic Acid | C10H16N2O8 | Used for chelation (removal of transition metals from pulp). | ||
| Enzyme | Deinking | ||||
| FSA | Formamidine Sulphuric Acid or Thiourea Dioxide | CH4N2SO2 | Post Deinking bleaching | ||
| Guar Gum | Natural Polymer | Dry Strength Additive | cationic derivative | ||
| Gypsum or Mineral White or Plaster | Natural Sulfate of Lime | CaSO4.2H2O | Gypsum board, | 2.4 | |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | Hydrogen Peroxide | H2O2 | In Pulp Bleaching | 3.13-3.4 | |
| Hypochlorous Acid | Hypochlorous Acid | HOCl | In Pulp Bleaching | ||
| Lime | Calcium Oxide | CaO | Alkaline Pulping Process Chemical Recovery, Bleaching | 3.13-3.4 | |
| Lime Stone | Calcium Carbonate | CaCO3 | To make Lime Precipitated CaCO3 is used as Filler and in Coating | ||
| Magnesium Bisulfite | Mg(HSO3)2 | Used in Sulfite pulping | |||
| Magnesite | Magnesium Carbonate | MgCO3 -100% | 2.5 | ||
| Oxygen | Oxygen | O2 | In Pulp Bleaching | ||
| Ozone | Ozone | O3 | In Pulp Bleaching | ||
| Rosin | Abietic Acid | C19H29COOH | Sizing | ||
| Rosin Soap | Sodium Abietate | C19H29COONa | Sizing | ||
| Salt Cake | Sodium Sulfate | Na2SO410H2O | Makeup chemical in sulfate pulping chemical recovery (Na2SO4. ---Na2S) | 2.4 | |
| Soap/ Fatty Acid | Deinking | ||||
| Sodium Bisulfite | NaHSO3 | Used in Sulfite pulping | |||
| Soda Ash | Sodium Carbonate | Na2CO3 | Makeup chemical in alkaline pulping chemical recovery (Na2CO3 +Ca(OH)2 ---2NaOH+CaCO3) | 2.43-2.51 | |
| Sodium Dithionite | Sodium Hydrosulfite | Na2 O4 S2 | Bleaching | 2.20 | White crystalline powder with weak sulforous odor |
| Sodium Hypo-chlorite | Sodium Hypo-chlorite | NaOCl | Pulp bleaching | ||
| Sodium Silicate | Sodium Silicate | Na2SiO3 | In waste paper deinking for wetting, peptization, ink dispersion, peroxide stabilization. | ||
| Sodium tripolyphosphate | Sodium tripolyphosphate | Na5P3O10 | Dispersant | ||
| Starch | . | Comprised of glucose units linked together by oxygen bridges called glycosides | Wet and dry end additive | ||
| Sulfur | Sulfur | S | To make HSO3 for bi-sulfite pulping | ||
| Surfactant | Used in deinking,Used as debonders in fluff pulp manufacture. | ||||
| Titania | Titanium Dioxide | TiO2 | Filler to increase the opacity and brightness of paper. Used in coating also. | 3.84-4.26 |
In 2010 world paper industry used 31.7 Million Ton pigments for filling and coating. It is about 8% of paper on weight basis. Following is a breakup of various pigment usage.
| Pigment | Coating | Filling | Others | Total |
| Million Ton | Million Ton | Million Ton | Million Ton | |
| Ground Calcium Carbonate (GCC) | 10.4 | 4.6 | 1.5 | 16.5 |
| Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) | 0.6 | 5.8 | 0.3 | 6.7 |
| Clay | 4.9 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 6.7 |
| Talc | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 1.6 |
| Others | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
| Total | 16.3 | 13.6 | 1.9 | 31.8 |
